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Sectors

The rules for an AI system depend on its sector. Each page sets out the regulatory position as of a stated date, with the related work.

  1. ManufacturingWhere AI pays on a Swiss factory floor, and how the EU Machinery Regulation from 20 January 2027 puts safety-critical AI on an earlier clock than the AI Act.
  2. PharmaWhere AI pays in Swiss pharma without touching a clinical decision, and where GAMP 5, the ISPE AI guide and EU GMP Annex 22 stand as of October 2026.
  3. LogisticsWhere AI pays in logistics, why the AI Act’s critical-infrastructure category applies less often than it sounds, and what the EU Digital Product Passport asks of supply-chain data.
  4. RetailWhere AI pays in retail, and the FADP, EU AI Act and Digital Services Act rules that a checkout-credit, pricing or recommender tool can trigger, as of October 2026.
  5. HospitalityWhere AI pays in hospitality, and why an AI concierge’s allergen answer is a food-safety statement under both EU and Swiss rules, as of October 2026.
  6. EnergyWhere AI pays for energy operators, and how the AI Act’s critical-entity condition decides whether a safety component in electricity, gas or heating is high-risk, as of October 2026.
  7. Commodity and energy tradingWhere AI pays across the trade lifecycle in a commodity and energy trading house, and which rules around derivatives, market conduct and personal data apply, as of October 2026.